Monday, January 6, 2014

1.13 Verb Negation.

To negate any verb, we add the following suffix to the verb stem immediately after the stem and before the subject ending.  As before, all suffixes first depend on the last vowel of the stem:


                             
а, ы, я
(у + ю w' consonant)
   е, и, э          
о, ё, (у + ю w'out consonant)
ө,ү




Negative infix:
ба / па
бе / пе
бо/ по
бө / пө


The first endings are for voiced consonants.  In this case, stems ending in voiced consonants (or vowels) will take б.  Stems ending in voiceless consonants will take п.  Then you have to look at the last vowel and decide whether the next letter is а, е, о, or ө.

Then you have to finish the verb conjugation as before.

For example...

Бил ends in a voiced consonant.  So it will take Б.  И, the last vowel of the stem, is in the second group, so it will take е, бе.   So to say "I don't know,"  we say Мен билбейм.

Бил (stem) + бе (negation) + йм (first person singular verb ending).

Let's try it with the rest of our 8 verbs.



Жаз -- to write    Мен жазбайм.     I don't write. 
Жаша -- to live   Сен Бишкекте жашабайсың.    You don't live in Bishkek. 

Бил -- to know   Сиз билбесиз.   You (sir) don't know.
Иште -- to work   Ал иштебейт.  He doesn't work.

Бол -- to be   Биз болбойбуз.   We are not.  (not sure if that one makes sense)
Оку -- to read/study     Силер окубойсуңар.  You don't study.

Сүй -- to love     Сиздер мени сүйбүсүздөр.    You (ladies and gentlemen) do not love me.
Төлө -- to pay   Алар төлөбөшөт.            They don't pay.
 
Oops!  Looks like all of our endings were vowels or voiced consonants.  An example of a voiceless ending is the verb ич, to drink.  

For example:  Мен ичпейм.     (I don't drink.)

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